Sixty-four years after caste untouchability was abolished by the Constitution, more than a fourth of Indians say they continue to practise it in some form in their homes, the biggest ever survey of its kind has revealed.
Those who admit to practising untouchability belong to virtually every religious and caste group, including Muslims, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
Going by respondents’ admissions, untouchability is the most widespread among Brahmins, followed by OBCs. Among religious communities, it is the most widespread among Hindus, Sikhs and Jains, shows the survey, which was conducted in over 42,000 households across India by the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) and the University of Maryland, US.
NCAER, established in 1956, is India’s oldest and largest independent, non-profit economic policy research institute. The results are part of the India Human Development Survey (IHDS-2) — the largest pan-Indian non-government household survey — carried out in 2011-12 for economic and social variables across multiple categories. The full results of the survey will be available in 2015.
Surveyors asked respondents, “Does anyone in your family practise untouchability?” and, in case the answer was “No”, asked a second question: “Would it be okay for a Scheduled Caste person to enter your kitchen or use your utensils?”
Across India, 27 per cent respondents agreed that they did practised untouchability in some form. The practice was most prevalent among Brahmin respondents (52 per cent). 24 per cent of non-Brahmin forward caste respondents admitted to it — lower, interestingly, than OBC respondents, 33 per cent of whom confirmed its prevalence in their homes. 15 per cent of Scheduled Caste and 22 per cent of Scheduled Tribe respondents admitted to the practice.
Broken up by religious groups, data from the survey shows almost every third Hindu (30 per cent) admitted to the practice, followed by Sikhs (23 per cent), Muslims (18 per cent) and Christians (5 per cent).
Jains topped the list, with 35 per cent respondents accepting that they practised untouchability. The survey has, however, warned that the result for Jains is “not conclusive” because of the small size of the sample.
Lead researcher Dr Amit Thorat, an associate fellow at NCAER, said, “These findings indicate that conversion has not led to a change in mindsets. Caste identity is sticky baggage, difficult to dislodge in social settings.” Currently, as per a government order of 1950, the SC quota in government jobs applies only to Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist Dalits, not Christian and Muslim Dalit caste groups.
Spatially, untouchability is most widespread in the Hindi heartland, according to the survey. Madhya Pradesh is on top (53 per cent), followed by Himachal Pradesh (50 per cent), Chhattisgarh (48 per cent), Rajasthan and Bihar (47 per cent), Uttar Pradesh (43 per cent), and Uttarakhand (40 per cent).
West Bengal appears to be the most ‘progressive’ — with only 1 per cent of respondents confirming they practised untouchability. Kerala comes next in the survey, with 2 per cent, followed by Maharashtra (4 per cent), the Northeast (7 per cent), and Andhra Pradesh (10 per cent).
Survey results suggest that high incomes do not dent the practice, but education, especially among Brahmins and OBCs, makes a difference.
Comments(16,298)-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Helga says
October 28, 2020 at 8:15 amLooking for computer science homework help online? Order papers at a reliable writing solution with hundreds of satisfied customers for a low cost.
Alex Smith says
December 10, 2020 at 4:54 pmThis theme continues to amaze me whenever I meet with it. I am sure, if you make a video on Youtube about it, the video will be really popular. If you do not want to worry about subscribers, you can get them with https://soclikes.com/buy-youtube-subscribers.
Julian Wilson says
February 2, 2021 at 10:02 amI think I can make interesting video about this survey for my tiktok channel. After I read this post http://www.techconnections.org/if-you-have-been-searching-fr-a-way-to-promote-your-content-on-tiktok-we-have-a-decision-for-you/ I use tiktok services to promote my channel
Jaf says
February 24, 2021 at 2:49 pmI’ve been blessed for almost two decades and past year later applying a court order, I’ve already now been (altogether ) visiting my children (3 and 4 )
https://free-divorce-advice.com/illinois/what-is-a-good-visitation-schedule-for-a-2-year-old/
Jaf says
February 26, 2021 at 11:46 pmResearch also provesmaybe perhaps not recommended for kids to be released into brand fresh spouses until they’ve come into terms with the truth that their parents ‘ really are
https://free-divorce-advice.com/washington-state/how-can-i-prove-my-ex-is-hiding-income/
MarcosDog says
March 5, 2021 at 2:17 amgeneric tadalafil: http://tadalafilonline20.com/ tadalafil generic
WesleyClusy says
March 5, 2021 at 10:53 am40 mg tadalafil tadalafil 40 mg daily
buy tadalafil
Michaellor says
March 8, 2021 at 7:56 amdrugs without doctor script: https://genericwdp.com/ generic drugs without doctor’s prescription
Michaellor says
March 9, 2021 at 8:13 amdrugs without doctor script: https://genericwdp.com/ generic drugs without doctor’s prescription
RandySip says
March 9, 2021 at 9:40 amgeneric pills for ed medications without a doctor’s prescription
Michaellor says
March 10, 2021 at 7:18 amgeneric pills without a doctor prescription: https://genericwdp.com/ generic pills
Michaellor says
March 11, 2021 at 1:57 amgeneric pills for sale meds online without doctor prescription
Jeffreyelema says
March 11, 2021 at 8:11 ambest place to buy viagra online viagra online usa
buy generic 100mg viagra online
Waynebycle says
March 11, 2021 at 9:58 amcost of viagra mexican viagra
viagra cost
Jeffreyelema says
March 12, 2021 at 6:49 amviagra amazon п»їviagra pills
best over the counter viagra
Waynebycle says
March 12, 2021 at 8:31 ambuying viagra online viagra without a doctor prescription usa
100mg viagra
Jeffreyelema says
March 13, 2021 at 5:25 amgeneric viagra walmart order viagra online
viagra discount
Waynebycle says
March 13, 2021 at 7:06 ambuy viagra online canada online doctor prescription for viagra
viagra over the counter walmart
Jeffreyelema says
March 14, 2021 at 3:29 amviagra 100mg price viagra price
order viagra online
Waynebycle says
March 14, 2021 at 5:00 amprice of viagra best over the counter viagra
п»їviagra pills
Jeffreyelema says
March 15, 2021 at 1:50 amviagra 100mg price buying viagra online
best place to buy viagra online
Waynebycle says
March 15, 2021 at 3:13 amviagra without a doctor prescription viagra 100mg price
best over the counter viagra
Jeffreyelema says
March 16, 2021 at 1:14 amprice of viagra viagra over the counter walmart
when will viagra be generic
StanleyDrery says
March 16, 2021 at 8:55 ambuy chloroquine phosphate chloroquine india
RicardoOpign says
March 16, 2021 at 9:26 amaralen medication order chloroquine phosphate
online medications
StanleyDrery says
March 17, 2021 at 8:04 amorder aralen online chloroquine tablet price
RicardoOpign says
March 17, 2021 at 8:40 amvaltrex medicine for sale prescription for valtrex
pharmacy drugs
RicardoOpign says
March 18, 2021 at 9:49 amhow much is viagra https://viagrapills100.com/ when will viagra be generic
ThomasDycle says
March 18, 2021 at 10:55 amviagra over the counter walmart https://viagrapills100.com/ where can i buy viagra over the counter
RicardoOpign says
March 19, 2021 at 9:26 amviagra discount https://viagrapills100.com/ online doctor prescription for viagra
ThomasDycle says
March 19, 2021 at 10:12 amviagra from canada https://viagrapills100.com/ buy real viagra online
RicardoOpign says
March 20, 2021 at 10:30 amorder viagra online https://viagrapills100.com/ where to buy viagra
ThomasDycle says
March 20, 2021 at 11:28 amviagra over the counter https://viagrapills100.com/ where to buy viagra online
RichardAneve says
March 21, 2021 at 10:55 ambuy generic 100mg viagra online viagra amazon
viagra discount
ElmerAbosy says
March 22, 2021 at 5:40 amcauses of ed ed pills without a doctor prescription
buy ed pills
Marvinarern says
March 22, 2021 at 6:43 amcheap ed pills usa ed pills that work quickly
generic ed drugs
Marvinarern says
March 23, 2021 at 5:15 amed pills online cheap ed pills usa
buy ed drugs
TerryEpids says
March 23, 2021 at 5:29 amcheap ed pills usa buy ed pills
ed pills online
TerryEpids says
March 23, 2021 at 1:34 pmed pills online natural treatments for ed
order ed pills
ElmerAbosy says
March 23, 2021 at 2:21 pmbuy ed drugs cheap ed pills from canada
buy ed pills from canada
TerryEpids says
March 23, 2021 at 9:39 pmbuy ed pills cheap ed pills
erectyle dysfunction
Marvinarern says
March 25, 2021 at 3:10 pmneurontin 30 mg: generic gabapentin – neurontin 300 mg price in india
Jasoncef says
March 25, 2021 at 3:17 pmhttp://hydroxychloroquinest.com/# how much is generic plaquenil
Marvinarern says
March 26, 2021 at 3:46 pmgeneric zithromax over the counter: buy zithromax – zithromax buy online no prescription
Jasoncef says
March 26, 2021 at 7:33 pmhttp://prednisonest.com/# prednisone pill 10 mg
Marvinarern says
March 27, 2021 at 4:39 pmplaquenil pill: cheap hydroxychloroquine – cost of generic hydroxychloroquine
Jasoncef says
March 28, 2021 at 5:28 amhttps://gabapentinst.com/# neurontin generic cost
Marvinarern says
March 28, 2021 at 2:20 pmhow much is prednisone 10 mg: buy prednisone – prednisone 1 mg daily
Victorter says
March 29, 2021 at 7:19 pmhttps://zithromaxproff.com/# zithromax 250 mg australia
buy zithromax online cheap
ScottHes says
March 29, 2021 at 8:12 pmhttps://zithromaxproff.com/# where can i get zithromax over the counter
zithromax 1000 mg online
Online Loans says
March 30, 2021 at 6:54 pmpayday loans same day payout
Amyvot says
March 30, 2021 at 8:22 pmaustralia viagra over the counter
Victorter says
March 30, 2021 at 8:37 pmhttp://zithromaxproff.com/# buy zithromax online australia
zithromax z-pak price without insurance
Fastest Payday Loan says
March 30, 2021 at 8:43 pmpersonal loans for veterans
car insurance rates says
March 30, 2021 at 10:34 pmelephant car insurance
car insurances says
March 30, 2021 at 11:17 pmcheap car ins
Payday Loan says
March 31, 2021 at 1:02 amcash payday loans
ScottHes says
March 31, 2021 at 1:42 amhttp://zithromaxproff.com/# zithromax prescription online
generic zithromax india
Kiavot says
March 31, 2021 at 2:44 amgeneric viagra prescription online
Lisavot says
March 31, 2021 at 3:55 ambrand cialis 20 mg
Amyvot says
March 31, 2021 at 6:01 amcialis pills from canada
Victorter says
March 31, 2021 at 10:07 pmhttps://zithromaxproff.com/# zithromax 500mg price in india
zithromax canadian pharmacy
Lisavot says
April 1, 2021 at 2:17 amprozac 40mg
aaa auto insurance says
April 1, 2021 at 5:26 amaaa auto insurance quotes online
best auto insurance says
April 1, 2021 at 12:01 pmquotes auto insurance
car insurance quotes says
April 1, 2021 at 2:10 pmgap coverage auto
Best Online Loans says
April 1, 2021 at 2:27 pmchristmas loans
ScottHes says
April 1, 2021 at 5:31 pmgeneric myambutol: generic myambutol
chloramphenicol tablets
insurance for cars says
April 1, 2021 at 5:40 pmgeico car insurance
FrankGaple says
April 1, 2021 at 6:01 pmorder keftab online: cleocin price
chloromycetin tablets
Amyvot says
April 1, 2021 at 8:15 pmbuy tadalafil online no prescription
Kiavot says
April 2, 2021 at 2:04 amviagra pills online
Bad Credit says
April 2, 2021 at 7:12 ampayday online
BillyOvest says
April 2, 2021 at 8:06 amcipro for sale: buy cefixime
vantin tablets
geico insurance says
April 2, 2021 at 11:27 amcar auto insurance
Online Lenders says
April 2, 2021 at 1:25 pmget a loan no credit
Amyvot says
April 2, 2021 at 2:20 pmcialis prescription online canada
Kiavot says
April 2, 2021 at 2:25 pmcheapest pharmacy to get prescriptions filled
Jones Elizabeth says
April 2, 2021 at 2:58 pmMight be near unattainable to encounter well-aware readers on this matter, regrettably you seem like you comprehend those things you’re posting on! Excellent watches for women
insurance rates says
April 2, 2021 at 5:38 pmnjm auto insurance
FrankGaple says
April 2, 2021 at 7:19 pmerythromycin capsules: generic sumycin
zyvox for sale
Kiavot says
April 2, 2021 at 7:57 pmcanadian pharmacy cialis daily use
Lisavot says
April 2, 2021 at 10:28 pmcheapist price for prednisone without prescription
ScottHes says
April 2, 2021 at 11:02 pmbuy ampicillin online: cephalexin for sale
buy minomycin
Getting A Loan says
April 2, 2021 at 11:32 pmonline credit application
Paydayloan says
April 3, 2021 at 3:20 ampayday loan online
auto ins says
April 3, 2021 at 9:55 amgeico insurance quote online for auto
Kiavot says
April 3, 2021 at 8:11 pmamitriptyline cream buy
ScottHes says
April 3, 2021 at 11:36 pmbiaxin online: cephalexin generic
buy noroxin
Amyvot says
April 4, 2021 at 1:23 amsildenafil 50 price
Payday Loans Online says
April 4, 2021 at 2:32 ampersonal loans application
Easy Payday Loan says
April 4, 2021 at 5:49 amguaranteed payday loans
Payday Loans Online says
April 4, 2021 at 8:51 ambad credit unsecured loans
Amyvot says
April 4, 2021 at 3:35 pmbrand cialis online
CharlesCacle says
April 4, 2021 at 7:24 pmordering medicine from india: united pharmacy india buy prescriptions from india pharmacy
StevenCox says
April 4, 2021 at 8:06 pmordering medicine from india: trusted india online pharmacies overseas pharmacies shipping to usa
Loans says
April 4, 2021 at 8:41 pmadvance payday
Lisavot says
April 4, 2021 at 10:24 pmfemale viagra online india
Michaelmen says
April 4, 2021 at 11:53 pmoverseas pharmacies shipping to usa: reputable online pharmacies in india india pharmacy
Kiavot says
April 5, 2021 at 12:39 amventolin 100mcg online
Personal Loans says
April 5, 2021 at 12:44 aminstant online payday loans
Speedy Cash says
April 5, 2021 at 3:12 amdebt consolidation loan calculator
Spotloan says
April 5, 2021 at 8:21 amloan rate calculator
Cash Advance says
April 5, 2021 at 8:59 amunsecured debt consolidation loans
Pay Day Loan says
April 5, 2021 at 2:17 pmpayday loans phoenix az
Amyvot says
April 5, 2021 at 3:30 pmmodafinil buy online us
Best Payday Loan says
April 5, 2021 at 8:28 pmpayday loans in georgia
CharlesCacle says
April 5, 2021 at 9:10 pmoverseas pharmacies shipping to usa: online indian pharmacies online medications from india
Michaelmen says
April 5, 2021 at 9:52 pmusa pharmacy india: india pharmacy mail order ordering medicine from india
StevenCox says
April 5, 2021 at 10:00 pmusa pharmacy india: buy prescriptions from india pharmacy india pharmacy
Cash Advance says
April 6, 2021 at 1:45 amloans for students
Easy Payday Loan says
April 6, 2021 at 4:38 ampay day loan
Online Loans says
April 6, 2021 at 9:11 aminstant payday loan no credit check
Kiavot says
April 6, 2021 at 8:11 pmpharmacy com
Michaelmen says
April 6, 2021 at 8:57 pmbuy prescriptions from india pharmacy: india pharmacies online india pharmacies shipping to usa
CharlesCacle says
April 6, 2021 at 11:41 pmunited pharmacy india: india pharmacies online cheap online pharmacies from india
Getting A Loan says
April 7, 2021 at 2:48 amcalculating interest on a loan
Online Loans says
April 7, 2021 at 4:24 ampersonal bad credit loans
Lisavot says
April 7, 2021 at 8:24 amcanadian pharmacy mall
Alfredunibe says
April 7, 2021 at 8:57 amgeneric viagra pills: